If Google wanted to find out, they certainly could and will. But hosting multiple sites on the same IP has negligible impact on their ranking. The work you put into these sites’s content will eclipse the few points you could get from being or appearing to be on a dedicated IP.

Cheers

I found an article that I enjoyed on this topic:

https://www.seoblog.com/2017/09/dedicated-address-improve-rankings/

You can absolutely find out what sites are hosted on an IP. A secret trick is to use bing, it’s really good about it. That said, Google seems to consistently make it clear that they don’t care. It makes sense, they shouldn’t care about shared IPs in the age of IPv4 depletion. A penalty on everyone is a penalty on no one, and shared IPs account for too much of the internet.