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We do not block any ports by default. I believe the reason why nmap shows only the ports you mentioned is because there isn’t anything listening on the other ports so they appear as closed.
Check out <a href=“https://www.digitalocean.com/community/articles/how-to-set-up-a-firewall-using-ip-tables-on-ubuntu-12-04”>How to Set Up a Firewall Using IP Tables on Ubuntu 12.04</a>