Multiple Docker containers on the same host listening to the same port?

Question

I have several web sites. I would like to have each in a separate Docker container, to keep them isolated from one another. If I had multiple IP addresses I could bind each IP to a container. like this:

docker run -p 10.0.0.10:80:80 -name container1 <someimage> <somecommand>
docker run -p 10.0.0.11:80:80 -name container2 <someimage> <somecommand>

But, since on here I only have a single IP that is out of the question. Does anyone have any idea how I could make it work? Only thing I can think of would be to run a load balancer/reverse proxy or NAT or something similar. I know I could put them on a different port but then I could loose traffic by it being blocked because it is not common like 80.

If anyone can provide some insight it will be greatly appreciated.

Thanks,

Nick

Answer 1

xMudrii January 2, 2017

You can’t run two instances of application (in your case Docker) on same machine. This is how Linux & Docker is built and nothing you can change.
But there is workaround. Run containers on different port and set up Apache or Nginx. As Apache/Nginx works on port 80, you’ll not lose any traffic, as 80 is common port.
I would recommend Nginx - I find it much easier to set up reverse proxy with Nginx and it’s lighter on resource compared to Apache.
For nginx, you need to set up it and learn more about Server Blocks:
How To Install Nginx on Ubuntu 16.04.
How To Set Up Nginx Server Blocks (Virtual Hosts) on Ubuntu 16.04.
In Server Blocks, you need to use proxy_pass, for which you can learn more about on nginx site.

If you host only two containers, you can go with Droplet IP + Floating IP, so you have 2 IP addresses. It would work normally, but if you need to add third container, it’s not working anymore.
As an option, there is IPv6. You can get up to 16 IPv6 IP addresses and you can use Docker with IPv6. But please be careful, this is VERY RISKY!!! Not all providers around the world supports IPv6 protocol and some users could not access your site.

Conclusion: It’s best to go with reverse proxy with Nginx/Apache. Looking at resource standpoint, it’s most lightweight. Site accessibility - all sites work on port 80 so you don’t have problem with this.

How To Install Nginx on Ubuntu 16.04

by Justin Ellingwood

Nginx is one of the most popular web servers in the world and is responsible for hosting some of the largest and highest-traffic sites on the internet. It is more resource-friendly than Apache in most cases and can be used as a web server or a reverse proxy. In this guide,...

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DrVPN January 2, 2017

Thanks! I wil give Nginx a try :)
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Answer 2

DrVPN January 2, 2017

Thanks! I wil give Nginx a try :)
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Answer 3

bobbyiliev March 30, 2020

Hi there,

I just came across this question. In addition to all of the comments above, I would suggest taking a look at this answer here as well:

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/questions/how-to-host-multiple-docker-containers-on-a-single-droplet-with-nginx-reverse-proxy

This includes a short video demo on how to achieve this as well.

Regards,
Bobby

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Answer 4

DrVPN January 10, 2017

I was able to configure Nginx as a reverse proxy to sit in front of my containers which allows me to have several containers, listening on HTTP (80), from the external perspective.

Thanks again for the great idea!

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mado023 September 7, 2017

Can you please explain how you did this?
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- AFI September 15, 2017
  
  Create these in your nginx conf file;
  
  # phpMyAdmin hack start location ~* ^/phpMyAdmin { resolver 127.0.0.1; limit_req zone=ZoneOne burst=1 nodelay; proxy_pass https://container01$request_uri; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_buffers 8 24k; proxy_buffer_size 2k; proxy_connect_timeout 600; proxy_send_timeout 600; proxy_read_timeout 600; send_timeout 600; autoindex off; index index.php index.html index.htm; } # Roundcubemail hack start location ~* ^/roundcubemail { resolver 127.0.0.1; limit_req zone=ZoneOne burst=1 nodelay; proxy_pass https://container02$request_uri; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_buffers 8 24k; proxy_buffer_size 2k; proxy_connect_timeout 600; proxy_send_timeout 600; proxy_read_timeout 600; send_timeout 600; autoindex off; index index.php index.html index.htm; }
  
  Take note on the resolver 127.0.0.1 . You need to setup BIND on your host and configure the zone files for container01 and container02.
  
  Reply Report
  
  vimanyu October 31, 2017
  
  Can you explain it a bit more? Specifically, where and how did you initialized $request_uri? What exactly do you mean by ‘setup BIND on your host’ - does it mean binding the port number of host and container on docker run command? It’ll be extremely helpful if you point me to a github repo and/or online tutorial where I can take a look at.
  
  Reply Report
  
  AFI November 1, 2017
  
  $request_uri in Nginx will be fetched when you request in via the web browser. Please refer to http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngxhttpcoremodule.html#varrequest_uri for full documentation.
  
  Setup BIND https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIND on your host is creating local nameserver. Nginx will resolve to https://container01 and https://container02 from the address defined in that local nameserver.
  
  Let’s say
  
  container01 has IP address 172.17.0.101
  container02 has IP address 172.17.0.102
  
  you should define your name records in BIND with those IP addresses. You may find example on BIND usage at http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/DNS-HOWTO-7.html
  
  Reply Report

Answer 5

mado023 September 7, 2017

Can you please explain how you did this?
Reply Report
- AFI September 15, 2017
  
  Create these in your nginx conf file;
  
  # phpMyAdmin hack start location ~* ^/phpMyAdmin { resolver 127.0.0.1; limit_req zone=ZoneOne burst=1 nodelay; proxy_pass https://container01$request_uri; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_buffers 8 24k; proxy_buffer_size 2k; proxy_connect_timeout 600; proxy_send_timeout 600; proxy_read_timeout 600; send_timeout 600; autoindex off; index index.php index.html index.htm; } # Roundcubemail hack start location ~* ^/roundcubemail { resolver 127.0.0.1; limit_req zone=ZoneOne burst=1 nodelay; proxy_pass https://container02$request_uri; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_buffers 8 24k; proxy_buffer_size 2k; proxy_connect_timeout 600; proxy_send_timeout 600; proxy_read_timeout 600; send_timeout 600; autoindex off; index index.php index.html index.htm; }
  
  Take note on the resolver 127.0.0.1 . You need to setup BIND on your host and configure the zone files for container01 and container02.
  
  Reply Report
  
  vimanyu October 31, 2017
  
  Can you explain it a bit more? Specifically, where and how did you initialized $request_uri? What exactly do you mean by ‘setup BIND on your host’ - does it mean binding the port number of host and container on docker run command? It’ll be extremely helpful if you point me to a github repo and/or online tutorial where I can take a look at.
  
  Reply Report
  
  AFI November 1, 2017
  
  $request_uri in Nginx will be fetched when you request in via the web browser. Please refer to http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngxhttpcoremodule.html#varrequest_uri for full documentation.
  
  Setup BIND https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIND on your host is creating local nameserver. Nginx will resolve to https://container01 and https://container02 from the address defined in that local nameserver.
  
  Let’s say
  
  container01 has IP address 172.17.0.101
  container02 has IP address 172.17.0.102
  
  you should define your name records in BIND with those IP addresses. You may find example on BIND usage at http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/DNS-HOWTO-7.html
  
  Reply Report

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