This tutorial provides examples of various methods you can use to remove whitespace from a string in Python.
A Python String is immutable, so you can’t change its value. Any method that manipulates a string value returns a new string.
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The examples in this tutorial use the Python interactive console in the command line to demonstrate different methods that remove spaces. The examples use the following string:
s = ' Hello World From DigitalOcean \t\n\r\tHi There '
The output is:
Output Hello World From DigitalOcean
Hi There
This string has different types of whitespace and newline characters, such as space (
), tab (\t
), newline (\n
), and carriage return (\r
).
strip()
MethodThe Python String strip()
method removes leading and trailing characters from a string. The default character to remove is space.
Declare the string variable:
- s = ' Hello World From DigitalOcean \t\n\r\tHi There '
Use the strip()
method to remove the leading and trailing whitespace:
- s.strip()
The output is:
Output'Hello World From DigitalOcean \t\n\r\tHi There'
If you want to remove only the leading spaces or trailing spaces, then you can use the lstrip()
and rstrip()
methods.
replace()
MethodYou can use the replace()
method to remove all the whitespace characters from the string, including from between words.
Declare the string variable:
- s = ' Hello World From DigitalOcean \t\n\r\tHi There '
Use the replace()
method to replace spaces with an empty string:
- s.replace(" ", "")
The output is:
Output'HelloWorldFromDigitalOcean\t\n\r\tHiThere'
join()
and split()
MethodsYou can remove all of the duplicate whitespace and newline characters by using the join()
method with the split()
method. In this example, the split()
method breaks up the string into a list, using the default separator of any whitespace character. Then, the join()
method joins the list back into one string with a single space (" "
) between each word.
Declare the string variable:
- s = ' Hello World From DigitalOcean \t\n\r\tHi There '
Use the join()
and split()
methods together to remove duplicate spaces and newline characters:
- " ".join(s.split())
The output is:
Output'Hello World From DigitalOcean Hi There'
translate()
MethodYou can remove all of the whitespace and newline characters using the translate()
method. The translate()
method replaces specified characters with characters defined in a dictionary or mapping table. The following example uses a custom dictionary with the string.whitespace
string constant, which contains all the whitespace characters. The custom dictionary {ord(c): None for c in string.whitespace}
replaces all the characters in string.whitespace
with None
.
Import the string
module so that you can use string.whitespace
:
- import string
Declare the string variable:
- s = ' Hello World From DigitalOcean \t\n\r\tHi There '
Use the translate()
method to remove all whitespace characters:
- s.translate({ord(c): None for c in string.whitespace})
The output is:
Output'HelloWorldFromDigitalOceanHiThere'
You can also use a regular expression to match whitespace characters and remove them using the re.sub()
function.
This example uses the following file, regexspaces.py
, to show some ways you can use regex to remove whitespace characters:
import re
s = ' Hello World From DigitalOcean \t\n\r\tHi There '
print('Remove all spaces using regex:\n', re.sub(r"\s+", "", s), sep='') # \s matches all white spaces
print('Remove leading spaces using regex:\n', re.sub(r"^\s+", "", s), sep='') # ^ matches start
print('Remove trailing spaces using regex:\n', re.sub(r"\s+$", "", s), sep='') # $ matches end
print('Remove leading and trailing spaces using regex:\n', re.sub(r"^\s+|\s+$", "", s), sep='') # | for OR condition
Run the file from the command line:
python3 regexspaces.py
You get the following output:
Remove all spaces using regex:
HelloWorldFromDigitalOceanHiThere
Remove leading spaces using regex:
Hello World From DigitalOcean
Hi There
Remove trailing spaces using regex:
Hello World From DigitalOcean
Hi There
Remove leading and trailing spaces using regex:
Hello World From DigitalOcean
Hi There
In this tutorial, you learned some of the methods you can use to remove whitespace characters from strings in Python. Continue your learning about Python strings.
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Thank you so much.
- Sai Vinay Palakodeti
hey nice one thank you helped me in my code
- Moulya
Very helpful article, Pankaj. Thank you for this
- ypll
greeting= “Hello” user= “Guy” message= “welcome to the thunderdome Friend” print(greeting.upper(), user.capitalize(), message.strip( ).lower() ) ive also tried print(greeting.upper(), user.capitalize(), message.replace(" ", " ").lower() ) goal is to lowercase friend and get rid of white space. when I run the .py file through cmd it just returns HELLO Guy welcome to the thunderdome friend no matter what I seem to try
- Pegel
the replace function helped me where i was thinking of a more complex solution. So thank you
- Munir
This was so helpful! Thanks for putting this together! :)
- Azmain Nisak
let me explain you with an simple example s= (" PYTHON “) #so here i am using both and leading and trailing spaces output= s.strip(” “) # in between double quotes i am using space as i have used space before and after PYTHON print(output) # you will get output as “PYTHON” … another example while using idle --------------------------------------- >>> s= (” python ") >>> s.strip() ‘python’ >>> see both the trailing and leading spaces have been removed
- DEEPAK
You really need to point out that the functions create and return a new string, they do not change the original. Yes, strings being immutable is a foundational Python concept but someone who’s looking for this level of help is probably very new to Python. It can be incredibly frustrating for a beginner to find a page like this and do: s = " My string with leading/trailing spaces ’ s.strip() print(s) What the heck? It doesn’t work!
- DJ
I don’t see anymore the date things were published. Why is it removed? Regards
- Valentino