Tutorial

How To Install MySQL on CentOS 7

Updated on January 24, 2022
How To Install MySQL on CentOS 7
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CentOS 7

Introduction

MySQL is an open-source database management system, commonly installed as part of the popular LEMP (Linux, Nginx, MySQL/MariaDB, PHP/Python/Perl) stack. It uses a relational database and SQL (Structured Query Language) to manage its data.

CentOS 7 prefers MariaDB, a fork of MySQL managed by the original MySQL developers and designed as a replacement for MySQL. If you run yum install mysql on CentOS 7, it is MariaDB that is installed rather than MySQL. If you’re wondering about MySQL vs. MariaDB, MariaDB will generally work seamlessly in place of MySQL, so unless you have a specific use-case for MySQL, see the How To Install MariaDB on Centos 7 guide.

This tutorial will explain how to install MySQL version 8 on a CentOS 7 server.

Prerequisites

To follow this tutorial, you will need:

  • A CentOS 7 with a non-root user with sudo privileges. You can learn more about how to set up a user with these privileges in the Initial Server Setup with CentOS 7 guide.

Step 1 — Installing MySQL

As mentioned in the introduction, the Yum command to install MySQL in fact installs MariaDB. To install MySQL, we’ll need to visit the MySQL community Yum Repository which provides packages for MySQL.

In a web browser, visit:

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

Note that the prominent Download links don’t lead directly to the files. Instead, they lead to a subsequent page where you’re invited to log in or sign up for an account. If you don’t want to create an account, you can locate the text “No thanks, just start my download”, then right-click and copy the link location, or you can edit the version number in the commands below.

Locate the desired version, and update it as needed in the link below:

Screencapture highlighting current yum repo name

  1. curl -sSLO https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm

Once the rpm file is saved, we will verify the integrity of the download by running md5sum and comparing it with the corresponding MD5 value listed on the site:

  1. md5sum mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
Output
e2bd920ba15cd3d651c1547661c60c7c mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm

Compare this output with the appropriate MD5 value on the site:

Screencapture highlighting md5dsum

Now that we’ve verified that the file wasn’t corrupted or changed, we’ll install the package:

  1. sudo rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm

This adds two new MySQL yum repositories, and we can now use them to install MySQL server:

  1. sudo yum install mysql-server

Press y to confirm that you want to proceed. Since we’ve just added the package, we’ll also be prompted to accept its GPG key. Press y to download it and complete the install.

Step 2 — Starting MySQL

We’ll start the daemon with the following command:

  1. sudo systemctl start mysqld

systemctl doesn’t display the outcome of all service management commands, so to be sure we succeeded, we’ll use the following command:

  1. sudo systemctl status mysqld

If MySQL has successfully started, the output should contain Active: active (running) and the final line should look something like:

  1. Dec 01 19:02:20 centos-512mb-sfo2-02 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

Note: MySQL is automatically enabled to start at boot when it is installed. You can change that default behavior with sudo systemctl disable mysqld

During the installation process, a temporary password is generated for the MySQL root user. Locate it in the mysqld.log with this command:

  1. sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
Output
2022-01-24T19:54:46.313728Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: mqRfBU_3Xk>r

Make note of the password, which you will need in the next step to secure the installation and where you will be forced to change it. The default password policy requires 12 characters, with at least one uppercase letter, one lowercase letter, one number and one special character.

Step 3 — Configuring MySQL

MySQL includes a security script to change some of the less secure default options for things like remote root logins and sample users.

Use this command to run the security script.

  1. sudo mysql_secure_installation

This will prompt you for the default root password. As soon as you enter it, you will be required to change it.

Output
The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password. New password:

Enter a new 12-character password that contains at least one uppercase letter, one lowercase letter, one number and one special character. Re-enter it when prompted.

You’ll receive feedback on the strength of your new password, and then you’ll be immediately prompted to change it again. Since you just did, you can confidently say No:

Output
Estimated strength of the password: 100 Change the password for root ? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

After we decline the prompt to change the password again, we’ll press Y and then ENTER to all the subsequent questions in order to remove anonymous users, disallow remote root login, remove the test database and access to it, and reload the privilege tables.

Now that we’ve secured the installation, let’s test it.

Step 4 — Testing MySQL

We can verify our installation and get information about it by connecting with the mysqladmin tool, a client that lets you run administrative commands. Use the following command to connect to MySQL as root (-u root), prompt for a password (-p), and return the version.

  1. mysqladmin -u root -p version

You should see output similar to this:

Output
mysqladmin  Ver 8.0.28 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Server version		8.0.28
Protocol version	10
Connection		Localhost via UNIX socket
UNIX socket		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:			3 min 2 sec

Threads: 2  Questions: 14  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 133  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 49  Queries per second avg: 0.076

This indicates your installation has been successful.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we’ve installed and secured MySQL on a CentOS 7 server. To learn more about using MySQL, this guide to learning more about MySQL commands can help. You might also consider implementing some additional security measures.

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    Just a note, the rpm package I believe changed to version 8 but allows 5.6 to install if you switch the enable settings in the repo file.

    /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
    

    Edit the following to match if you are using 5.7

    # Enable to use MySQL 5.7
    [mysql57-community]
    name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch/
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
    
    [mysql80-community]
    name=MySQL 8.0 Community Server
    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/$basearch/
    enabled=0
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
    

    The rest should be the same!

    I have a problem with this tutorial, after i md5sum mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm command to verify the output is ‘4e07071a356ec12db0d09e1cdd739250 mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm’ that not equals with value on https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/ and then i cannot proceed to install mysql on my server, please help me.

    Hello, when I go in step 3, you give me the following error, please can you help me solve it.

    Error: Access denied for user ‘root’@‘localhost’ (using password: YES) [root@processagile ~]# mysqladmin -u root -p version Enter password: mysqladmin: connect to server at ‘localhost’ failed error: ‘Access denied for user ‘root’@‘localhost’ (using password: YES)’

    Thank you,

    Hi,

    I have followed the installation guide and it seems that it hangs when I start the sql server for the first time. Below is a record of the status. Please assist. Thanks.

    [root@iZwz92280sqlsr3912i7atZ ~]# sudo systemctl status mysqld mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled) Active: activating (start) since Mon 2018-07-23 12:16:43 CST; 4h 54min ago Docs: man:mysqld(8) http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html Process: 27963 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0 /SUCCESS) Main PID: 28033 (mysqld) CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service ââ28033 /usr/sbin/mysqld

    If you have 1GB ram, and use some of it for some process, like tomcat, then service starting may fail because of insufficient memory. You can create swap memory to solve this problem.

    here a solution: https://stackoverflow.com/a/13999800/167288

    Excellent article. Thanks for sharing!

    Another brilliant article. Thanks for sharing!

    Hi,

    After the step “mysql_secure_installation” i always get an “Estimated strength of the password: 0” What could it be the problem? can I disable this plugin?

    i am getting the same error ,

    Thanks for the very details steps. I was able to follow all the way to the sudo mysqlsecureinstallation under Step 3: Configuration. I got an erro saying “Error: Access denied for user ‘root’@‘localhost’ (using password: YES)”. I know I entered the correct temporary password I found from the log file. Also, I realized that I got the same error no matter what password I used. So this appears to be a problem with the user name itself.

    Any help is appreciated.

    i also tried the

    If you skip Step 3 (for now) and try to connect with the first command in Step 4, mysqladmin -u root -p version you should also be prompted for the root password. If you enter the temporary password from the log file, are you able to connect?

    no luck same error.

    pz help

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